What is the treatment for prostate cancer?

Getting opinions from multiple specialists, including at least one surgeon and one radiation oncologist, to make an informed decision.

Surgery: Radical Prostatectomy
Radical prostatectomy is a surgical procedure that removes the prostate gland along with surrounding tissues, including the seminal vesicles. This is the most common surgery for treating prostate cancer.

Types of radical prostatectomy include:

• Retropubic Radical Prostatectomy: An incision is made in the lower abdomen to access the prostate.
• Perineal Radical Prostatectomy: An incision is made between the scrotum and anus.
• Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: A minimally invasive procedure using small incisions and a camera.
• Robotic Radical Prostatectomy: A laparoscopic procedure assisted by a robotic system for precise movements.
• Nerve-Sparing Radical Prostatectomy: Aims to preserve the nerves that control erections.

Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells. It has a similar cure rate to surgery and is non-invasive, with potentially fewer side effects.

There are two main types of radiation therapy:

1. External Beam Therapy: Radiation is directed at the prostate from outside the body.
2. Brachytherapy: Radiation is delivered from inside the body using radioactive materials placed in or near the prostate.
   – Low-Dose Brachytherapy: Radioactive seeds are implanted in the prostate to slowly release radiation.
   – High-Dose Brachytherapy: Temporary rods are inserted to deliver radiation directly to the affected area and are then removed. This method is more flexible and can be offered to more patients.

Online Support Tool

For those diagnosed with early-stage prostate cancer, there is an online support tool to help navigate treatment decisions. This resource was developed by TrueNTH Canada, Prostate Cancer Canada (now part of the Canadian Cancer Society), Queen’s University, and the Movember Foundation. Access the Decision Help Tool Here

Cost of Treatments in Ontario

In Ontario, OHIP covers PSA screening tests if:

• You have a referral from a physician or nurse practitioner.
• You have been diagnosed with prostate cancer and are receiving treatment.
• You are being monitored after treatment for prostate cancer.

Without a referral, the cost of PSA screening tests is not covered by OHIP and must be paid out-of-pocket.

OHIP also covers most treatments for prostate cancer, including post-treatment care. However, certain medications may not be covered, so check your private insurance plan for additional coverage options.

Taking the time to understand your options and consulting with specialists can help you make the best decision for your health.