What are the different types of prostate cancer screening tests?
Prostate cancer is most often detected through screening tests rather than symptoms, making regular screenings vital, especially for men over 40 or those of African/Caribbean descent. Here are the main types of tests:
94% of men discover they have prostate cancer from screening tests. Only around 5% of men discover it from urinary or erectile symptoms. Therefore, it is vitally important for men to do prostate cancer screening.
If you are of African/Caribbean ancestry, have a family history of prostate cancer and are 40 years or older, you should get a PSA test.
PSA Test (Prostate-Specific Antigen):
The PSA test is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein made by the prostate. Elevated PSA levels can indicate prostate cancer, but they may also be caused by non-cancerous conditions. Tracking changes in PSA levels over time helps establish a baseline and can detect early signs of cancer.
Digital Rectal Exam (DRE):
In a DRE, the doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to check the size and shape of the prostate. Hard or irregular areas may indicate cancer. The test takes only 10-15 seconds and can be life-saving. This test is done if your doctor suspects that you may have Prostate Cancer.
Biopsy:
If abnormal results are found in a DRE or PSA test, a biopsy may be needed. This involves taking small tissue samples from the prostate using a needle guided by ultrasound. The samples are then examined in a lab to confirm the presence of cancer and also the possible stage of the cancer. If Cancer is detected, it is graded using a Gleason score ranging from 6 to 10 , 6 indicating a low grade cancer and 8-10 indicating a high grade. Your doctor will explain the implications of the results as each case may be different.
Imaging Tests (Ultrasound, MRI, CT Scan):
- Ultrasound: Provides a general image of the prostate.
- MRI: Helps determine the size and location of the cancer within the prostate.
- CT Scan: Checks if the cancer has spread beyond the prostate.
These tests help doctors diagnose prostate cancer and determine the best course of treatment based on the extent of the disease.
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